Consider these ratings of a target item (1 to 5 stars):
Based on these ratings, what is your impression of the item? Kinda so-so? Maybe look elsewhere? That's the power of outliers on the arithmetic mean: A few outliers can really pull a mean away from the bulk of the responses. It takes a ton of ratings in the mode to counteract only a few outliers.
These are real data, of course, namely from DBDA2E on Amazon.com. The 1-star ratings have comments that clearly state that they are not rating the content of the book, but still they are 1-star ratings that have a lot of impact on the mean. If you think the mode needs bulking up, you know what to do! :-) And if you have had issues like the 1-star raters have had, please let me know so we can attempt to rectify any problems. (By the way, go here for a link to a discount on the book.)
In general, how can we analyze data that have outliers? One way is describing the data by using a heavy-tailed distribution, which DBDA2E explains extensively in Chapters 16 and 17 (and ordinal data analysis is treated in Chapter 23).
BTW, here's the R code I used for making the graph:
x = c(1,2,3,4,5)
y = c(2,0,0,2,8)
plot( x , y , type="h" , lwd=70 , lend=1 , col="gold" , xlab="Stars" , ylab="Frequency" , main="Ratings" , xlim=c(0.5,5.5) , ylim=c(0,9) , cex.lab=1.5 , cex.main=1.5 )
text( sum(x*y)/sum(y) , max(y) , bquote(mean==.(round(sum(x*y)/sum(y),2))) , adj=c(1,1) , cex=1.5 )
Monday, March 23, 2015
Saturday, March 21, 2015
June and July workshops in doing Bayesian data analysis
June and July courses in Bayesian statistics. A full list of workshops in doing Bayesian data analysis is here. Upcoming workshops include these:
2015 June 1 - 5. Five-day course: Doing Bayesian Data Analysis, at Stats Camp, Dallas, Texas.
2015 June 15-19. Five-day course: Doing Bayesian Data Analysis. University of St. Gallen, Switzerland.
2015 June 22-24. Three-day workshop: Doing Bayesian Data Analysis. University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
2015 July 7 - 10. Four-day course: Doing Bayesian Data Analysis. Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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